This insight is part of an ongoing, more ambitious research project, and provides a modus legendi of Spanish fascism and radical nationalism, a Warburgian reading of Francoist culture via the monsters it engendered. Concepts drawn from different academic milieus play a central role in such analysis: the intellectual heritage of Jurij Lotman is applied in combination with the significantly extended Warburgian concept of post-life (Nachleben), which results in the conception of political practices of Francoism as surviving political-cultural rituals. It also invites consideration of the "Anti-España" discourse as a Dumézilian "manipulated myth", conveyed and articulated through surviving images of otherness that give meaning to and consolidate the radical worldview of Spanish fascism.